The CATO Society (libertarian leaning non-partisan think tank) published a study.  The details are available at https://www.cato.org/blog/cato-study-immigrants-reduced-deficits-145-trillion-1994
The study addresses the issue of cost to government of immigrants, in light of the MAGA statements (especially Stephen Miller) that our country’s debt situation is caused by the benefits being paid out to legal and illegal immigrants.  The truth, based on data presented in the study, is that over the period of time from 1994 (earliest date of data) to 2023,  Immigrants  reduced debt by $14.5 Trillion.  They did not increase the debt.  The debt without immigrants was $48 trillion.  That means immigrants cut our debt over the period by 30%.   Immigrants pay a higher amount of tax, due to the extra jobs and work they do, and consume a proportionally less amount of benefits.   The study estimates that even illegal immigrants reduced the country’s debt by $1.7 Trillion over the study period.

From the Study:

“Concluding Thoughts

Overall, the main conclusion of our paper is that there is nothing systematically wrong with US immigration policy regarding the fiscal effects of immigrants. There is nothing unsustainable about the US immigration system. We could have scaled immigration as it existed without burdening government budgets. For years, nativists in Congress and the administration have wrongly claimed that immigrants are behind the growth in debt and that the US immigration system allows foreigners to take advantage of Americans’ generosity. Our data completely repudiates this view. Immigrants are subsidizing the US government.

The best way to balance the budget is to reduce spending—particularly on wealthy retirees—but rather than hinder our efforts to control deficits, immigrants are helping.”

Now you know the truth instead of the propaganda that is so prevalent in populist MAGA politics!